Coin, Pseudo-Imperial, Odoacer
Solidus - 476-489 - Rome - AU(55-58) - Gold
Sold
Helmeted, pearl-diademed and cuirassed bust facing, holding spear and shield decorated with horseman and fallen enemy motif.
Victory standing facing, head to left, holding long jewelled cross; star in right field.
Extremely rare pseudo-imperial solidus of Odoacre, struck in the name of Zeno. It is Odoacre who overthrew in 476 Romulus Augustulus, the "last Roman emperor of the West", although he was never recognized by the Eastern part who saw him as a usurper. Zeno, then emperor in Constantinople recognizes Julius Nepos as the true emperor of the Western part, but this one, not very popular, was deposed by one of his generals in August 475, which places Romulus Augustulus in his place. It is in this chaotic context that Odoacre, warlord of Pannonian origin will take advantage of revolts in the Roman army to aggregate at his side the troops of barbarian origins that compose it, then besieged Ravenna and dismissed the young Romulus Augustulus of his duties. Recognized as "king" by his troops, without specifying a people or territory, Odoacre then took over Rome and all of Italy. Perceived as a dictator by the Senate and the Roman people, he will also never be recognized as emperor of the West by Constantinople, which will nevertheless end up granting him the title of dux Italiae after the death of Julius Nepos, exiled in Dalmatia. This blurred status of Odoacre is perceptible through his pseudo-imperial coinage, of oriental type and struck in the name of the emperor Zeno. The exceptional solidus we are offering for sale is a vibrant testimony to this pivotal and turbulent period in history. Of an insignificant rarity and of the most beautiful workmanship, this coin is struck on a wide flan which lets appear the whole of the legends. It comes from the Mare Nostrum find (1954). This extraordinary find consisting of 426 solidi in an exceptional state of preservation was acquired without us knowing its precise provenance. Nevertheless, we can say that it is a maritime treasure, if we refer to the traces of marine concretions visible on several specimens that survived. The set, which includes mostly coins dating from the end of the Western Roman Empire, is a remarkable testimony of the monetary circulation in this troubled period. The present coin will be published in the book dedicated to this find, by I. Vecchi, R. Beale and S. Parkin (2022). This blurred status of Odoacre is perceptible through his pseudo-imperial coinage, of oriental type and struck in the name of the emperor Zeno. The exceptional solidus we are offering for sale is a vibrant testimony to this pivotal and turbulent period in history. Of an insignificant rarity and of the most beautiful workmanship, this coin is struck on a wide side which lets appear the whole of the legends. It comes from the Mare Nostrum find (1954). This extraordinary find, consisting of 426 solidi in an exceptional state of conservation, was acquired without us knowing its provenance. Nevertheless, we can say that it is a maritime treasure, if we refer to the traces of marine concretions visible on several specimens that survived. The set, which includes mostly coins dating from the end of the Western Roman Empire, is a remarkable testimony of the monetary circulation in this troubled period. The present coin will be published in the book dedicated to this find, by I. Vecchi, R. Beale and S. Parkin (2022).
D N ZENO PERP F AVG
VICTORIA AVGGG R / COMOB in exergue
4.34 gr
Gold
Although nowadays gold enjoys a reputation as the king of precious metals, that was not always the case. For example, in Ancient Greece, Corinthian bronze was widely considered to be superior. However, over the course of time, it has established itself as the prince of money, even though it frequently vies with silver for the top spot as the standard.
Nevertheless, there are other metals which appear to be even more precious than this duo, take for example rhodium and platinum. That is certain. Yet, if the ore is not as available, how can money be produced in sufficient quantities? It is therefore a matter of striking a subtle balance between rarity and availability.
But it gets better: gold is not only virtually unreactive, whatever the storage conditions (and trouser pockets are hardly the most precious of storage cases), but also malleable (coins and engravers appreciate that).
It thus represents the ideal mix for striking coins without delay – and we were not going to let it slip away!
The chemical symbol for gold is Au, which derives from its Latin name aurum. Its origins are probably extraterrestrial, effectively stardust released following a violent collision between two neutron stars. Not merely precious, but equally poetic…
The first gold coins were minted by the kings of Lydia, probably between the 8th and 6th century BC. Whereas nowadays the only gold coins minted are investment coins (bullion coins) or part of limited-edition series aimed at collectors, that was not always the case. And gold circulated extensively from hand to hand and from era to era, from the ancient gold deposits of the River Pactolus to the early years of the 20th century.
As a precious metal, in the same way as silver, gold is used for minting coins with intrinsic value, which is to say the value of which is constituted by the metal from which they are made. Even so, nowadays, the value to the collector frequently far exceeds that of the metal itself...
It should be noted that gold, which is naturally very malleable, is frequently supplemented with small amounts of other metals to render it harder.
The millesimal fineness (or alloy) of a coin indicates the exact proportion (in parts per thousand) of gold included in the composition. We thus speak, for example, of 999‰ gold or 999 parts of gold per 1 part of other metals. This measure is important for investment coins such as bullion. In France, it was expressed in carats until 1995.
An “AU(55-58)” quality
As in numismatics, it is important that the state of conservation of an item be carefully evaluated before it is offered to a discerning collector with a keen eye.
This initially obscure acronym comprising two words describing the state of conservation is explained clearly here:
About Uncirculated(55-58)
This means – more prosaically – that the coin has been in circulation but sufficiently little that its original beauty is preserved almost in its entirety. The wear is barely visible and any other defect can only be identified with a magnifying glass or a particularly keen eye. The number (55-58) indicates that between three quarters and almost all of the original luster remains.
